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How did marriage originate? বিবাহের উৎপত্তি কিভাবে হল?

Marriage was not practiced in the early days of human civilization. The first is the reduction of arbitrariness, the second is the introduction of various rules for the establishment of sexual relations to determine the inheritance of property. Then there was the idea of ​​alpha mail. He who could hunt more and produce crops would not lack a companion. Since then an idea of ​​social hierarchy has come up. Those who were at the bottom of the hierarchy always lacked companions.

 


The idea of ​​sociologists is that marriage begins when people feel the need to be socialized. According to their research, the practice of marriage has become essential for the internal peace and order of the family and the group, raising children and increasing manpower. Then gradually religious values ​​appeared in the society. In the patriarchal society, the rule of marrying daughters and coming to the husband's family is prevalent. On the other hand, in a matriarchal society, men get married and become a permanent member of the wife's family.

In the present age, a wife is not only a wife, but also a colleague. Marriage is now not only a prerequisite for cohabitation, but also a promise to live together with the consent of both parties. There are various marriage customs or marriages in the world. With the development of civilization, some customs have become extinct or banned. New customs have re-emerged.

 

মানব সভ্যতার শুরুর দিকে বিয়ে প্রথা প্রচলিত ছিল না। প্রথমত স্বেচ্ছাচারিতা কমানো, দ্বিতীয়ত সম্পত্তির উত্তরাধিকার নির্দিষ্ট করার জন্য যৌন সম্পর্ক স্থাপনের ক্ষেত্রে ক্রমশ নানা রকম বিধি বিধানের প্রচলন হয়। তখন আলফা মেলের ধারণা ছিল। যে বেশি শিকার করতে পারবে ফসল ফলাতে পারবেন তার সঙ্গী সঙ্গিনীর অভাব হতো না। তখন থেকে সোশ্যাল হায়ারার্কি একটা ধারণা চলে আসে। যারা হায়ারার্কি নিচের দিকে ছিল তাদের সব সময় সঙ্গিনীর অভাব ছিল।

সমাজ বিজ্ঞানীদের ধারণা মানুষ যখন সমাজবদ্ধ হওয়ার প্রয়োজনীয়তা অনুভব করে তখন থেকেই বিয়ে প্রথার সূচনা হয়। তাদের গবেষণা মতে, পরিবার দলের আভ্যন্তরীণ শান্তি-শৃংখলা, সন্তান পালন লোকবল বাড়াতে বিয়ে প্রথা জরুরী হয়ে উঠে। এরপর ক্রমশ সমাজে দেখা দেয় ধর্মীয় মূল্যবোধ। পিতৃতান্ত্রিক সমাজে মেয়েদের বিয়ে করে স্বামীর সংসারে আসার নিয়ম প্রচলিত হয়। অন্যদিকে মাতৃতান্ত্রিক সমাজে পুরুষরা বিয়ে করে স্ত্রীর সংসারের স্থায়ী সদস্য হওয়ার বৈধতা অর্জন করে।

বর্তমান যুগে স্ত্রী শুধু সহধর্মিনী নন, সহকর্মীও বটে। বিয়ে এখন শুধু একত্রবাসের পূর্বশর্ত নয়, বরং দুপক্ষের সম্মতিক্রমে যৌথ জীবনযাপনের অঙ্গীকার ওয়াদা। পৃথিবীতে নানা রকম বিয়ে প্রথা বা বিবাহ সম্পর্ক প্রচলিত রয়েছে। সভ্যতা বিকাশের সঙ্গে সঙ্গে কোন কোন প্রথা লুপ্ত বা নিষিদ্ধ হয়েছে। আবার উদ্ভব হয়েছে নতুন নতুন প্রথার।

 

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